Will CPA Stamp Out CPM? Industry Pros Argue Why Per Action Makes a Better Impression
With all the talk about the prevalence of CPA, it was interesting that while working on this article, I stumbled upon a ClickZ column published well over a year ago that posed the reverse question: “Is CPA Dying?” In it, author Eric Picard cites a few reasons why he believes it is, including this nugget:
“CPA isn’t an actionable key performance indicator (KPI). Businesses today operate on economic models based on appropriate KPIs. Until a business can link its KPIs to incoming marketing data, it isn’t possible to use CPA as a KPI except at the highest levels. In other words, you can look at your total marketing budget and figure out the CPA based on sales, but it won’t help reduce media inefficiencies.”
Picard goes on to cap the article with the comment, “…brand dollars will rise fast in the foreseeable future. Maybe fast enough to absorb all available premium inventory in our market. This means CPA will be relegated to remnant and undifferentiated inventory.”
It’s funny how the script gets flipped so quickly in this industry. Whereas 2005’s contention was that the future didn’t fare well for performance marketers, the central argument has now become inverted and the pervading issue is not if CPA will live or die, but when it will dominate.
While he doesn’t believe CPM will vanish into thin air forever, Speiser believes the time is drawing near for the old-hat model to readjust what he deems is a somewhat wasteful system. “In today’s current ad-inventory landscape, with all of the massive CPM buys out there, every major network, portal and search engine STILL has millions of unsold “remnant” inventory,” he says. “This is because there is just too much inventory and not enough CPM buyers, and this is the height of online buying. Everyone already agrees that there will never be a time when the top 100 websites are sold out. There is just too much media out there. Add in the user-generated pages, and it’s unfathomable the amount of un-monetized placements.”
Speiser claims that CPA’s more attractive qualities have allowed it to infiltrate and convert major Web properties. “CPA has already made serious inroads into Yahoo, MySpace, Google and MSN. Go ahead and place two choices in front of ANY online advertiser, CPA or CPM. Who wouldn’t fall all over themselves for the ability to place an order for a specific amount of customers at a profitable cost? Imagine a day when American Express can call up their ad network and instead of trying a bunch of different media on a CPM, actually place an order for 100,000 new customers at $100.00 each? If that’s not attractive to an advertiser, I don’t know what is.”
In more general terms, Lemp agrees with Speiser on CPA’s allure, from both an advertiser and a publisher’s angle. “The beauty of the advertisement is that now with the proper CPA metrics, effectiveness of each stage of the branding process can eventually be measured and optimized,” he says. “The advertisements are no longer hit or miss. This metric works better for the publisher as well, because once the risk factor is lowered for the Advertiser – they are able to pay out much more. This combined with the comparison and maximization abilities of CPA allows for a much higher return on a per user basis.”
With the bottom line being the fundamental cog, higher returns are the shiny bait that keeps the advertising/publishing cycle progressing, for better or for worse. Within this, the argument between CPM’s death march and CPA’s resurgence isn’t close to black-and-white, and there are no clear conclusions to be drawn from it. It’s an issue carries severe implications, while dutifully drawing a solid, black line between art and commerce.
It’s too early to toll the bells, for there’s sufficient reason to believe that as 2010 draws near, the conversation will only become more heated from here.
Reader Comments.
Here at HydraMedia we’d love to be able to believe this, as one of the significant distributors of CPA advertising…but gentlemen, it seems that this “CPA replaces CPM” stuff is naught but uninformed fantasy, perhaps driven by the egocentric wanna-be superiority with which the youth of our industry are often characterized.
One not need look further than the IAB for the straight scoop:
“Approximately 41 percent of 2005 fourth-quarter revenues were priced on a performance basis (e.g., cost-per-click, sale, lead or straight revenue share), down from 46 percent for the same quarter in 2004.”
I’m not saying everyone in our space should brace themselves, but we should know exactly where we stand in the race to enhance our chances of winning.
The truth is CPM or CPC will never die, but probably get stronger. The only party that really wins in CPA is the advertiser. The publisher keeps on sending free traffic to the advertiser until an action is completed. If cookies are erased, which usually are on a daily basis, there is no record of the transaction and the affiliate or publisher is left holding the bag with nothing to show for it. It is very easy for a network to just offer CPA deals. There is no real incentive or risk for the advertiser, and the network gets the new advertiser to use in their promos.
The truth of the matter is AZoogleads has tried CPM in the past and failed big time. Anyone remember Bluetime? This is probably why Joe is trying to push his weight around and promoting CPA. Big league publishers will not stand for it and neither should small ones. If you can get a CPC or CPM from a network, what is the incentive in running a CPA campaign? None. There is no median between the advertiser and the publisher in CPA. While, CPM can be more in favor of the publisher, CPC is somewhere in the middle.
Are we ignoring the fact that BRANDING can not always back into a ROI?
I prefer cost per conversion or, rather “performance” ie., you pay when someobody actually buys something; an idea, not incidentally, that comes from Bill Gross. And it’s a very good idea, but not the best implementation of the idea.
The best implementation of the model, which is to say a model that actually takes advantage of Web connectivity, and its corollary which is its proclivity for having a disruptive effect on other, older business methods, is what I call the “BNPN Plan”.
Never heard of the BNPN plan? Not to worry!It’s coming soon to a local ad agency and really ought to be quite popular among the creatives because it takes Mr. Gross’s idea one step further.
The acronym “BNPN” means “buy now, pay never”, which is an idea that uses the Web as a tool for connectivity, rather than monopoly, or deep pockets.
Think it can’t happen? Au contraire! And, no, brands are not dead. They are simply going the find their rightful and more appropriate place on the public Internet, which is to say inside “brand channels”,
where “value” and “utility” and, indeed, “creativity” actually means something, because all of them help separate the chaff from the wheat inside the brand channels, rather than who has the deepest pay-for-placement pockets.
“Buy now, pay never”? Exactly! Advertiser pays once only, per ad, per placement, inside a brand channel. Change your ad, or maybe your prices, say, for today only?
No problem! Click fraud? Means nothing! Your competitors can click ’till hell freezes over. The entity that pays for the ad does so once only and that’s the end of it ’till client decides to change the ad.
This way, its the connectivity that counts. And the sale, Not the number of clicks or whether deep pockets “a” had more money than deep pockets “b”.
When “connectivity”, which is to say “performance” actually happens – then advertiser knows it got its money’s worth. Every time!
I daresay that Mr. John Wanamaker would surely be enthusiastic about such a model.
Derick Harris
Cyber ID
Volcano, Hawaii
This debate is as old and fruitless as the motivations behind those who fuel it. Joe’s a bright man as are many of the other emperors of CPA and lead generation, but hardly impartial
One day our industry will evolve like all other mature industries and not define it’s product offering by price types. Can you imagine, FORD, MICROSOFT, Bed Bath and Beyond, COKE, etc. defining their business prospects around price type, simply ridiculous. It’s a pricing method, not a model or product.
Bottomline, advertisers who can measure some performance trigger, absolutely will buy as much inventory as they can via every price model that achieves whichever target they have. Price type is irrelevant, YIELD is what matters. advertisers who cannot measure performance will buy based on strategic value according to whatever price type fits. Do you really think a yield based advertiser won’t buy a top brand site on cpm to test just because they won’t offer CPA, hardly.
Yield is the holy grail folks, not price type. And for those who consider yield only a measure of ROI, think again because yield will eventually be incorporated into the thinking of such concepts as brand lift. Every action has a value, only a matter of defining it for potential achievement.
This debate is a reflection that we’re on our way there.
Robert Regular
President
Oridian, Inc.
Speaking from the television side of the CPA model, I’m enjoying the conversation! I’m sure you’re all aware that television CPM revolves around an audience sampling methodology developed by Nielsen. It works great when you are sampling large networks but becomes challenged as media and audiences become very fragmented. Multicasting on the digital broadcast tier should be fully implimented by the end of the decade. Talk about fragmentation! Point being, the advantages of CPA, with respect to television, become even more intriguing when one factors in these types of challenges. Will CPA one day become more of a standard on television too? We believe so but the metrics will most likely be blended with data coming from sources like Nielsen and others. We believe that television advertisers will ultimately be able to execute CPA buys across menus of different demographic targeted programming segments representing the diversity that exists across today’s multi-channel television universe. We view CPA as simply another way to execute the DRTV model and one that we feel ultimately will be more efficient for both advertisers and media. Like any other model, it’s a bid environment based on yield measurement. It’s also an environment that can be largely automated which is critical when one considers the overhead associated with managing traditional DRTV campaigns in a challenging fragmented media universe. It is all about yield management as campaigns generating more yield to the media must achieve greater exposure while lesser yielding campaigns should see less explosure. Hey, isn’t that just like how the DRTV model works today? It’s called media pre-emption.
CPA is really just another tool for how media can be packaged and sold in a changing world where traditional models are running up against practical limitations. It’s nice to see people thinking outside of the box and discussing CPA.
Regards,
Joseph A. Gray
CEO
REVShare
http://www.revshare.com
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